From the author: Representatives of cognitive behavioral therapy are actively attacking psychoanalytic methods, while creating the feeling that knowledge about psychoanalysis is weak. Therefore, I decided to compare these two directions and tell a little more about psychoanalysis. I decided to write another article - there are too many attacks now from the cognitive-behavioral direction on psychoanalysis. There is a lot of debate about which direction is better, more effective, etc. . and so on. Each side is trying to pull the blanket over itself, and the younger the direction, the more actively they try to attack grandfather Sigmund, although everyone’s roots grew from there (apparently, not all of those adherents of the cognitive-behavioral direction who write how great it is and how bad psychoanalysis is in the know, that this therapy also grew out of psychoanalytic concepts) I will not compare Gestalt, transactional analysis or analytical therapy with psychoanalysis, because these are the closest directions to psychoanalysis, some Gestaltists say that psychoanalysis is long, and Gestalt as a direction allows you to quickly or achieve, but for some reason, therapy for two and a half years or more with Gestalt therapists is more the norm than some kind of exception. In articles and comments from CBT specialists, it is assumed that the cognitive-behavioral direction is much more effective in combating phobias and fears and some behavioral problems. In addition, some write something along the lines of - in our direction they will not ask about your relationship with your mother and link the fear of spiders to the fear of your father, and they will also not look for trauma. Apparently, it is implied that the psychoanalyst will look for some kind of trauma. Here I would like to make an excursion into history in order to debunk the myth that psychoanalysis is healing through the search and discovery of any trauma or linking all tragic events with dad or mom or child-parent relationships. A long time ago, more than 100 years ago, there lived Sigmund Freud... and he had a colleague, Joseph Breuer. Freud and Breir, in the process of their research and therapy of hysterics, came to the conclusion that they all had some kind of trauma in childhood, mainly seduction by the father or someone in their close circle. If you recognize this trauma under hypnosis, and then let the patient “react” to it - tell her about what happened, let her speak out and cry, scream and be hysterical :)) then the hysterical symptom (for example, hysterical blindness) goes away. But then Freud seriously doubted that in his dear Austria, so much violence against children occurs in fairly respectable houses. Then he made the greatest discovery, which became a big breakthrough in the history of psychology - he discovered that a person is influenced not by what he actually experienced, but by what is in his ideas. Freud was the first to popularize the term “psychic reality” and put into it the meaning that is usually understood by this term now - namely, the mental reality of a particular person is no less real than the material objects around us and if a person remembers something that happens to him happened (but in reality this did not happen), then there will be no differences in the impact of these ideas on life from the influence of what happened in reality. To put it primitively and crudely, a person who has one hand, but is sure that he has two, will live like an ordinary person, and a person who thinks that he has one hand, although he has two, will live like a one-armed person. And then Freud completely abandoned the concept of the cathartic method, searching for traumas and conveying their meaning to patients. All attention was aimed at identifying unconscious ideas (ideas to which there is no access in ordinary life), associative chains. And, in fact, the therapy itself (although Freud did not consider psychoanalysis as a therapy at all; the term psychoanalytic therapy appeared much later) lies in the fact that the patient, with the help of the analyst, understands and)